“All That She Carried” by Tiya Miles

This National Book Award winner was written by an environmental historian with a focus on Black history as revealed by place and landscape. This project added many layers to her foundational grounding, building in textile history and cultural aspects of slave-owning and being enslaved. The research revolved around a seed sack passed down from an enslaved woman to her daughter, eventually winding up with the recipient’s granddaughter.

This descendant, Ruth Middleton, embroidered the story of Rose (the mother) on the sack in 1921. She tells of Rose packing the sack for her daughter, Ashley, upon the eve of Ashley’s sale/separation after the death of their owner. The sack contained a tattered dress, three handfuls of pecans, a braid of Rose’s hair, and her “Love always.”

Overly academic droning in the introduction and first chapter of the book nearly derailed my reading. However, I felt the story of the sack and its contents took off in Chapter 2, and from then on, I was transported in place and time to South Carolina of the 19th century.

Miles’s writing is poetic and her analysis of clothing, hair, food, labor, family separation, and other aspects of the lives of the enslaved are insightful and not the least bit pedantic. I learned about how the slave-grown cotton became woven in the North into rough cloth to provide ill-fitting, low-quality clothing to further degrade those in bondage in the South.

The history of the pecan tree, a wild native plant successfully cultivated due to the efforts of an enslaved man, known only by his first name, was also a revelation to me. Of course, the entire idea of a group of people treating another group of people as property always provokes a range of emotions when the full scope of the horrors entailed in the practice are revealed in shocking detail, as Miles shares.

A couple weaknesses in the book are some repetitiveness that could have been omitted to tighten up the narrative, and the insufficient genealogical exploration of the family involved. In an essay appended to the story, Miles indicates that another writer had located some of Rose’s descendants.

The two genealogists Miles hired focused only on Ruth Middleton, who had only a single child, a daughter who did not have children. But Ruth had siblings, her mother had siblings, and perhaps even Ashley had siblings. A broader exploration of the fate of Rose’s descendants, the ones besides Ruth, who carry on her legacy, would have enriched the later chapters immeasurably.  

16 comments

  1. This sounds interesting. Personal stories really do bring history to life. I’m always fascinated in the ways textiles have a story to tell(or convey) in history. I hadn’t really thought of it as a tool in degradation, but sadly, it makes total sense.

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